calculus

noun

cal·​cu·​lus ˈkal-kyə-ləs How to pronounce calculus (audio)
plural calculi ˈkal-kyə-ˌlī How to pronounce calculus (audio)
-ˌlē
also calculuses
1
a
: a method of computation or calculation in a special notation (as of logic or symbolic logic)
b
: the mathematical methods comprising differential and integral calculus
often used with the
2
: calculation
… even political conservatives agree that an economic calculus must give way to a strategic consciousness when national or global security is at stake.Stephen H. Schneider
3
a
: a concretion usually of mineral salts around organic material found especially in hollow organs or ducts
4
: a system or arrangement of intricate or interrelated parts

Did you know?

In Latin calculus meant “pebble.” Because the Romans used pebbles to do addition and subtraction on a counting board, the word became associated with computation. Other English derivatives include calculator and calculation. Calculus itself has been borrowed into English as a medical term that refers to masses of matter in the body such as kidney stones (a straightforward extension of the meaning “pebble”) and to refer to a system of mathematical computation.

Examples of calculus in a Sentence

by my calculus the more efficient air conditioner will have paid for itself within a span of five years
Recent Examples on the Web That ruling was a devastating blow to the regime and likely changed its calculus. Arash Azizi, The Atlantic, 12 Apr. 2024 Iran has promised to retaliate, but the calculus is tricky: The Iranians want to avoid igniting a full-fledged war that might drag in the United States and threaten the survival of Iran’s regime. Alissa J. Rubin, New York Times, 6 Apr. 2024 But whether to have a recount should not depend on the political calculus of any candidate. Daniel Borenstein, The Mercury News, 5 Apr. 2024 There are also differences in the share of 12th-graders who advance to calculus, with Asian Americans at 25%, white students 13%, Latinos 7% and Black students 5%, according to a February 2023 report by the Policy Analysis for California Education. Teresa Watanabe, Los Angeles Times, 27 Mar. 2024 Tuesday night was the first reminder of that cold-blooded calculus. Jack Harris, Los Angeles Times, 3 Apr. 2024 The calculus changes in places like public bathrooms, where there’s a reasonable and continuing expectation of privacy. Victoria Song, The Verge, 27 Mar. 2024 Projecting how a college QB will react to the NFL’s speed and complexity, in addition to the narrow hash marks and longer seasons, can be like projecting how a math student will transition from basic algebra to trigonometry and calculus. Tom Krasovic, San Diego Union-Tribune, 23 Feb. 2024 That same year Simon Donaldson introduced differential geometry (which combines calculus and geometry) into the field with his work on four-dimensional manifolds. Kevin Hartnett, Quanta Magazine, 22 Feb. 2024

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'calculus.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Latin, stone (used in reckoning)

First Known Use

1666, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of calculus was in 1666

Dictionary Entries Near calculus

Cite this Entry

“Calculus.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/calculus. Accessed 19 Apr. 2024.

Kids Definition

calculus

noun
cal·​cu·​lus ˈkal-kyə-ləs How to pronounce calculus (audio)
plural calculi -ˌlī How to pronounce calculus (audio)
-ˌlē
also calculuses
1
: a branch of higher mathematics concerned especially with rates of change and the finding of lengths, areas, and volumes
2
a
: a mass that consists mostly of mineral salts and is formed in a hollow organ or bodily duct

Medical Definition

calculus

noun
cal·​cu·​lus -ləs How to pronounce calculus (audio)
plural calculi -ˌlī, -ˌlē How to pronounce calculus (audio) also calculuses
1
: a concretion usually of mineral salts around organic material found especially in hollow organs or ducts
2
: a concretion on teeth : tartar

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